منابع مشابه
Manipulation: Online Platforms' Inescapable Fate
Online platforms are prone to abuse and manipulation from strategic parties. For example, social media and review websites suffer from the presence of opinion spam and fake reviews. Applying the economic concept of rational expectation equilibrium (REE), we explore the impact of manipulation on consumer welfare in a Twitter-like environment. We argue that the REE outcome can be decomposed into ...
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Webb W, Campbell SS (1983): Relationships in sleep characteristics of identical and fraternal twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 40: 10931095. Weissman MM, Gershon ES, Kidd KK, Prusoff BA, Leckman JF, Dibble E, Hamovit J, Thompson D, Pauls DL, Guroff JJ (1984): Psychiatric disorders in the relatives of probands with affective disorders. The Yale University-National Institute of Mental Health Collaborat...
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Paradoxically, elements of cruelty are intrinsic to the humanitarian enterprise.(1) This paper focuses on some of these. Escapable cruelties arise from technical failings, but the gradual professionalisation of the field and improvements in relief technologies mean that they have been significantly reduced in comparison to earlier eras. Other cruelties arise from clashes among rights, and the t...
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We present a generalization of standard Turing machines based on allowing unusual tapes. We present a set of reasonable constraints on tape geometry and classify all tapes conforming to these constraints. Surprisingly, this generalization does not lead to yet another equivalent formulation of the notion of computable function. Rather, it gives an alternative definition of the recursively enumer...
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Early Buddhist karma is an impersonal moral force that impartially and inevitably causes the consequences of actions to be visited upon the actor, especially determining their afterlife destination. The story of King Ajātasattu in the Pāli Samaññaphala Sutta, where not even the Buddha can intervene to save him, epitomizes the criterion of inescapability. Zoroastrian ethical thought runs along s...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.337.6094.535